References

Cosmetic surgery's development

We introduced to you the history of Cosmetic Surgery and in this entry we would like to say a few words about Cosmetic Surgery’s development in the past, at the present and in the future.

First, we would like to show some statistics about Cosmetic Surgery. In 2005, there were 10.2 million cosmetic procedures performed in the United States, an increase of 11% from 2004 and a 38% compared with 2000. This number includes 3,839,387 Botox treatments, 1,033,581 chemical peels, 837,711 microdermabrasions, 782,732 laser hair removals, 589,768 vein sclerotherapies (strippings), 323,605 liposuctions, 298,413 rhinoplasties (nose jobs), 291,350 breast augmentations, 230,697 blepharoplasties (eyelid reconstructions), 134,746 abdominoplasties, 114,250 breast reductions, 793 vaginal rejuvenation procedures, 337 calf augmentations, and 206 pectoral implants. Forty percent of those undergoing cosmetic procedures are repeat patients; 34% have multiple procedures at the same time.

Eighty-four percent of patients undergoing cosmetic procedures last year were white; 90% were female. The top 5 minimally invasive procedures among women were Botox injection, chemical peel, laser hair removal, microdermabrasion, and sclerotherapy. The top 5 surgical procedures were breast augmentation, liposuction, nose reshaping, eyelid surgery, and tummy tuck (see below for statistics on males). In 2005, 51% of US cosmetic surgery patients and 69% of patients getting minimally invasive procedures were aged 51 years or older. Two thirds of patients reported family incomes below $50,000. Total physician fees for cosmetic procedures, not including anesthesia, operating room facilities, and other related expenses, were estimated at $9.4 billion.

These statistics have shown that Cosmetic Surgery developed very much in the past and nowadays, this issue is more concerned. If in the past, Cosmetic Surgery is mainly used for improving the lives of millions of patients with congenital malformations (such as cleft lip and cleft palate), disfiguring wounds, animal bites, and profound burn injuries, as well as those requiring reconstruction after surgery for malignancy or other chronic conditions, at present, Cosmetic Surgery makes people look more beautiful and attractive. This leads to the development of other careers such as surgeon, aesthetic consultants …

Finally, the more developed the society become, the more attentive to their appearance people become. Therefore, it is not difficult to predict the development of Cosmetic Surgery in the future.

History of Cosmetic Surgery

Welcome to the research of our group about Cosmetic surgery. Nowadays, this is a “hot” interesting issue. Hope that our group will bring you a lot of information. First, we have researched the history of Cosmetic surgery:

Reconstructive surgery techniques were developed in Indian 1500BC. In 6th century BC, Sushruta who is considered as the father of surgery had a lot of important contributions to this field. In Britain, some physicians moved to Indian to see these surgery techniques. Joseph Constantine Carpue spent 20 years in India studying local plastic surgery methods. Carpue was able to perform the first major surgery in Western. In mid-15th century Europe, Heinrich von Pfolspeundt a process "to make a new nose for one who lacks it entirely, and the dogs have devoured it" by removing skin from the back of the arm and suturing it in place. And then, plastic surgery spread through Europe.

The ancient Egyptians and Romans also knew this plastic cosmetic surgery. They could perform simple techniques, for example, they can repair damaged ears.

During World War I, plastic surgery techniques were used to repair the deformation of soldiers’ faces caused by war. And the end of World War I, surgeons realized that cosmetic surgery could also use to improve of human beings. From now on, cosmetic surgery becomes popular all over the world.

Outline: Cosmetic Surgery & Society - The Mutual Impacts

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.:: Lệ Khoa::.

Cosmetic Surgery - Hot or not?

Have you ever heard of cosmetic surgery? Is there anyone around you who has been under a cosmetic surgery? We think that all of the answers for these two questions will be "yes" because cosmetic surgery is becoming increasingly more and more acceptable in society and it is a very hot topic nowadays, too.

If you are interested in this topic, could you please spend some times reading our group's posts about it ? We are sure that you will find it is exciting, or at least helpful :).

.: Lệ Khoa:.